Emerging geographies of decarbonization beyond North and South: lithium and green hydrogen in Chile and Spain

This research project examines emerging geographies of decarbonization beyond traditional North-South distinctions through a comparative analysis of lithium mining and green hydrogen production in Chile and Spain. As the transition to a low-carbon future intensifies the demand for critical raw materials and clean energy carriers, new socio-spatial configurations are emerging that challenge conventional understanding of global relations. The project investigates how the climate crisis and geopolitical tensions have accelerated both extractive activities in the Global South and onshoring initiatives in Europe, creating complex interdependencies. By analyzing territorial conflicts surrounding decarbonization efforts, the research aims to conceptualize these emerging geographies and reassess North-South relations in the context of green energy transitions. Drawing on an interdisciplinary theoretical framework that integrates global production network (GPN) approaches with concepts of territoriality, the study addresses three key questions: (1) What socio-spatial dimensions characterize decarbonization geographies in Chile and Spain? (2) How can these emerging geographies be conceptualized? (3) How does the green energy transition transform our understanding of North-South relations? The methodology combines field research in capital cities and extraction territories with stakeholder interviews, ethnographic observation, and Q-Methodology to examine actors, narratives, institutions, and conflicts. The project is embedded in an international network of collaborating partners and includes writing retreats and a workshop to develop findings. DecarboGraphies contributes to ongoing debates on green extractivism and colonialism by moving beyond binary perspectives and developing new analytical frameworks for understanding the territorial dynamics of global decarbonization. Results will be published in high-ranking journals, presented at international conferences, and disseminated through a policy brief and short film to enhance public accessibility and visibility.