CRISPR-Cas9 Mediate Genome Editing to Develop Nonshattering Sesame Genotypes

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., 2n=26) is an ancient oilseed crop widely cultivated in Ethiopia and Palestine. It is traditionally grown during the summer with minimal agricultural input, particularly water, making it a climate-resilient crop suitable for sustainable farming. However, smallholder farmers in both countries continue to cultivate low-yielding landraces that are highly prone to capsule shattering, leading to significant seed loss, reduced cultivated areas, and challenges in mechanized harvesting. Additionally, conventional breeding strategies to address this issue are timeconsuming, costly, and labor-intensive. This project proposes the application of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to develop non-shattering sesame varieties, thereby enhancing productivity and promoting climate-resilient agriculture. By targeting key genes associated with capsule shattering, this research will not only improve yield stability but also advance scientific knowledge on the genetic mechanisms underlying this trait. Furthermore, the project will evaluate the impact of CRISPR-based modifications on sesame productivity and other agronomic traits to ensure safety and effectiveness. A key component of this initiative is capacity building, focusing on enhancing the skills of Palestinian and Ethiopian researchers in bioinformatics, gene editing, and plant transformation. Through training programs, knowledge exchange, and research collaborations, the project will ensure long-term sustainability and establish national expertise in modern breeding technologies. Expected outcomes include the development of improved, non-shattering sesame varieties while preserving the genetic diversity of local landraces, as well as scientific publications and dissemination through websites, webinars, and workshops. Ultimately, this project aims to increase food security, improve rural livelihoods, and support the transition toward sustainable agriculture for smallholder farmers in Palestine and Ethiopia.