Genetic Variation and Adaptive Capacity of Key Conifer Species: Evidence-Based Provenance and Variety Recommendations for Climate-Resilient Forestry

The forests of Central Europe are under considerable pressure to adapt due to climate change, periods of drought, and an increase in large-scale pest infestations. Despite the growing interest in broadleaf timber, coniferous species remain indispensable due to their high economic importance. The aim of the project is therefore to systematically assess the adaptive variation and adaptability of key coniferous species - Norway spruce (Picea abies), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), black pine (Pinus nigra), and cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani)-and to make this information usable for silvicultural decisions. To do this, classic provenance trials are combined with modern genomic approaches to comprehensively characterize genetic and phenotypic variation. Climate chamber tests under simulated extreme conditions allow for the identification of provenance-specific adaptation patterns and their genetic basis. The project pursues an integrative approach that equally considers genetic variation, adaptability, and the practical availability of high-quality planting stock. The resulting recommendations on provenances and varieties provide directly applicable knowledge for sustainable forest management and will contribute significantly to making Central Europe's forests more resilient to the challenges of climate change.