Impact of conservation tillage on incidence of plant diseases, pests, beneficial organisms and weeds in Austrian crop rotation systems.
Abstract
In the present study the influence of different conventional and reduced tillage systems on plant health in different crop rotation systems was investigated. Field trials were conducted in the dry area in eastern Austria and areas with more rainfall in Lower and Upper Austria from 1999 to 2001. We put our main focus on the development of Phoma lingam and Ceutorynchus spp. in rape, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea in sunflower, bacterial and viral diseases in soybean, Peronospora schachtii, Cercospora beticola, Erysiphe betae and Uromyces betae in sugar beet, Oulema spp., Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Blumeria graminis and Fusarium spp. in winter wheat and Ustilago maydis, Ostrinia nubilalis and Fusarium spp. in maize. Generally, in all trial years extremely dry and hot climatic conditions resulted in low infestation levels. As a consequence, no significant effect of tillage system on these plant diseases or pests, respectively, was found. Irrespective of the tillage system, in winter wheat and maize samples the mycotoxin Desoxynivalenol was found. Depending on the crop type, the field-mouse Microtus arvalis occurred more frequently in no-tillage plots than in the other plots, though caused no clear damage. Our results show that perennial weed species and to some extent monocotyledonus and annual dicotyledonous species are promoted by reduced tillage. In some regions we observed increased immigration of ruderal plants. Furthermore, we assessed the occurrence of epigaeic arthropods with emphasis on ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in winter wheat, soybean and sugar beet. Irrespective of the tillage system, the sampling year and the crop type, pitfall-trap catches revealed that the spring breeder Poecilus cupreus was the most abundant species. We identified a general tendency in the species assemblage and the activity abundance of the ground beetles: no-tillage plots harbored more ground beetle species and more individuals of the dominant species than plots treated by other tillage practices. Finally, our results have to be interpreted considering the unusual climatic conditions within a short observation period.
keywords plant diseases pest herbs tillage beneficial organism
Publikationen
Weniger Bodenbearbeitung = mehr Pflanzenschutz?
Autoren: Steinkellner, S Jahr: 2001
Journal articles
Artenspektrum und Aktivitätsdichte der Laufkäfer (Coleoptera, Carabidae) bei konventioneller und konservierender Bodenbearbeitung.
Autoren: Grabenweger, G., Lawson-Balagbo, E. und Schausberger, P. Jahr: 2002
Forschungsbericht (extern. Auftraggeber)
Unkrautbekämpfung bei Minimalbodenbearbeitung.
Autoren: Glauninger, J Jahr: 2002
Newspaper / Magazine article
Untersuchungen zur Beikrautflora und zu ausgewählten Pflanzenschutzproblemen bei unterschiedlicher Bodenbearbeitung
Autoren: Glauninger, J., Langer, I., Shala-Mayrhofer, V., Lanzer, B., Liebhard, P. Jahr: 2002
Forschungsbericht (extern. Auftraggeber)
Occurence of Fusarium spp. in soil under different tillage systems
Autoren: Steinkellner, S., Langer, I. Jahr: 2003
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Phytopathologische Aspekte der Bodenbearbeitung im Feucht- und Trockengebiet
Autoren: Steinkellner, S., Shala-Mayrhofer, V., Langer, I. Jahr: 2002
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Artenspektrum und Aktivitätsdichte epigäischer Laufkäfer (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Sojabohne und Zuckerrübe bei konventioneller und konservierender Bodenbearbeitung.
Autoren: Lawson-Balagbo, E., Grabenweger, G. und Schausberger, P. Jahr: 2003
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Auswirkungen konservierender Bodenbearbeitungsmaßnahmen auf das Auftreten von Pflanzenkrankheiten, Schädlingen und Beikräutern in Österreichischen Fruchtfolgesystemen
Autoren: Siegrid Steinkellner, Johann Glauninger, Ingrid Langer, Vitore Shala-Mayrhofer, Peter Liebhard, Peter Schausberger, Giselher Grabenweger, Barbara Lanzer, Emil Lawson-Balangbo Jahr: 2002
Forschungsbericht (extern. Auftraggeber)
Project staff
Siegrid Steinkellner
Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.nat.techn. Siegrid Steinkellner
siegrid.steinkellner@boku.ac.at
Tel: +43 1 47654-95001, 95301, 95302
Project Leader
12.11.1999 - 12.04.2002
Johann Glauninger
Ao.Univ.Prof.i.R. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.nat.techn. Johann Glauninger
johann.glauninger@boku.ac.at
Project Staff
12.11.1999 - 12.04.2002
Peter Liebhard
Ao.Univ.Prof.i.R. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.nat.techn. Peter Liebhard
peter.liebhard@boku.ac.at
Project Staff
12.11.1999 - 12.04.2002
Helmut Wagentristl
Ass.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.nat.techn. Helmut Wagentristl
helmut.wagentristl@boku.ac.at
Tel: +43 1 47654-95501, 95511
Project Staff
12.11.1999 - 12.04.2002
BOKU partners
External partners
LAKO (Landwirtschaftliche Koordinationsstelle für Bildung und Forschung)_x000D_ der Niederösterreichischen Landesregierung
none
partner
Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Alfred Schreiberhuber
none
partner
AGES - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit GmbH
none
partner