Biogas production from energy crops produced in sustainable crop rotations in Styria and economic efficiency
Abstract
The aim of the project was to determine optimal mixtures of fermentation raw material from energy crops from typical habitat and production terms and conditions of Styria for biogas production. For this purpose five different energy crop species were used: (1) sugar beets, (2) maize (maize for silage and maize of corn), (3) sun flowers, (4) field forage (clover) and (5) cereal (green rye). All energy crop species were grown and harvested in species experi-ments of the Syria chamber of agriculture and forestry. The biomass yield was determined and for the subsequent laboratory investigations all energy crops were preserved as silage. An exception was the maize for corn which was used as CCM (Corn-Cob-Mix). Beside the energy crops pig manure and crude glycerin (byproduct from the bioethanol production) were used as additional fermentation raw material. All fermentation raw materials were investigated alone and in mixtures. The used mixtures differed in their protein-energy-proportion. There were three blocks: block 1 = energy-rich mixtures (mixture 1 to 5), block 2 = protein-rich mixtures (mixture 6 to 9) and block 3 = variants with a balanced protein-energy-proportion (mixture 10 to 13). Mixture 1 (a mixture of maize silage, CCM and pig manure) was supplemented with 4% crude glycerin, as a performanceenhancing additive. For the used energy crops nutrient analyses were done to have an exact characterisation of the fermentation substrates. Based on DIN 38414 and VDI 4630 (2006) the alteration of matter and energy in the fermentation raw material (mono-fermentation) and the mixtures (co-fermentation) were measured in fermentation experiments of at least 40 days at 38°C. In the fermenters the composition of the volatile fatty acids were determined, the pH-value was measured as well as the content of methane, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia in the biogas. Analyses of the ingredients also were completed for all fermentation residues to be able to determine the fertilisation value. The degradation of TS and VS as well as the energy efficiency of the methane formation was calculated. The hydraulic residence time was derived from the development of the generated biogas over time. The specific biogas and methane yield of the fermen-tation raw material and mixtures were determined. With monofermentation of the fermentation raw material, CCM showed the highest specific methane yields with 344 lN/kg VS. With co-fermentation this value was even exceeded. With four mixtures a specific methane yield above 380 lN/kg VS was achieved (mixture 13: 427 lN/kg VS, mixture with the highest proportion of maize silage; mixture 8 and 9: 395 and 386 lN/kg VS, respectively, mixtures with high proportions of clover and green rye silage; mixture 1: 383 lN/kg VS, mixture with the additive crude glycerin). For these four mixtures a cofermentation effect could be determined of +39 to +49%. With the exception of mixture 12 all mixtures had a posi-tive co-fermentation effect. This means, that through the fermentation of fermentation raw material in mixtures almost always more methane will be produced as compared to monofermentation. Based on the specific methane yield and the biomass yield, the methane yields per hectare of the used energy crops and energy crop mixtures were calculated. For the energy crop mixtures regression equations estimating the specific methane yield were developed (Methane Energy Value Model). Recommendations for optimal mixtures of fermentation raw material and a guidelines for ecologically balanced and sustainable crop rotations for the biogas production of typical habitat and production terms and conditions of Styria as well as economic efficiency calculation were derived from the experimental results. Possibilities of whole crop sugar beet silage as fermentation substrate for biogas production were discussed. A biorefinery concept was favoured.
keywords biogas energy crops sustainable crop rotation glycerine co-digestion
Publikationen
Energietechnik – alternative Energien
Autoren: Boxberger, J., Amon T., Moitzi, G. Jahr: 2006
Chapter in collected volumes
Biogaserzeugung aus Energiemais
Autoren: Amon, T; Kryvoruchko, V; Amon, B; Bodiroza, V; Zollitsch, W; Boxberger, J Jahr: 2006
Journal articles
Biogas production from energy maize
Autoren: Amon, T; Kryvoruchko, V; Amon, B; Bodiroza, V; Zollitsch, W; Boxberger, J Jahr: 2006
Journal articles
Climate protection through renewable energy from biogas production
Autoren: Amon, T., Amon, B., Hopfner-Sixt, K., Kryvoruchko, V., Bodiroza, V. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Vergleich der Wirkung von „Ipus-Met-Max A/O“ und „Ipus-Met-Max A/5“ auf das Gärverhalten, den Methanertrag und die Biogasqualität bei der Vergärung von Maissilage und Schweinegülle
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Bodiroza, V., Amon, B. Jahr: 2005
Forschungsbericht (extern. Auftraggeber)
Biogas: ein möglicher Weg aus der Energiekrise
Autoren: Amon T., Hopfner-Sixt, K. Jahr: 2006
Newspaper / Magazine article
Methane production from cereals, sun flower and maize: Optimisation of the methane yield per hectare through time of harvesting, variety and pre-treatment
Autoren: Amon, T., Pötsch, E., Amon, B., Kryvoruchko, V., Bodiroza, V., Zollitsch, W. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Biogas Forum Austria-Network of research, extension service, and commercial farms.
Autoren: Amon, T., Amon B., Kryvoruchko V., Hopfner-Sixt K., Moser, A., Zollitsch, W. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Monitoring of energy crop digestion in Austria.
Autoren: Hopfner-Sixt, K., Amon, T., Milovanovic, D., Amon, B. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Biogaserzeugung ausagrarischen Rohstoffen
Autoren: Hopfner-Sixt, K; Amon, T; Bodiroza, V; Kryvoruchko, V; Milovanovic, D; Zollitsch, W; Boxberger, J Jahr: 2006
Journal articles
Biogas production from agricultural resources: characteristic values for material and energetic evaluation
Autoren: Hopfner-Sixt, K; Amon, T; Bodiroza, V; Kryvoruchko, V; Milovanovic, D; Zollitsch, W; Boxberger, J Jahr: 2006
Journal articles
Energiepflanzen: Erntezeitpunkt bestimmt Gasausbeute
Autoren: Amon T., Hopfner-Sixt K., Kryvoruchko V., Amon B., Bodiroza V., Ramusch M., Hrbek R, Friedel J., Zollitsch W., Mayr K. Jahr: 2006
Chapter in collected volumes
Das Methanbildungsvermögen und die Biogasqualität bei der Vergärung von Energiepflanzen
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Bodiroza, V., Amon, B. Jahr: 2006
Newspaper / Magazine article
European Biogas Initiative to improve the yield of agricultural biogas plants (EU-Agro Biogas).
Autoren: Amon, T., Amon, B., Machmüller, A., Hopfner-Sixt K., Kryvoruchko V., Bodiroza, V. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Research for climate protection-technological options for mitigation (Reclip:tom).
Autoren: Amon, B., Fröhlich, M., Ramusch, M., Winiwarter W. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
NH3 and GHG emissions from a straw flow system for fattening pigs: housing, and manure storage.
Autoren: Amon, B., Kryvoruchko, V., Fröhlich, M., Amon, T., Pöllinger, A., Mösenbacher, I., Hausleitner, A. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Monitoring landwirtschaftlicher Biogasanlagen in Österreich – Durchmischungstechnik und Kennwerte wesentlicher Prozessparameter
Autoren: Hopfner-Sixt, K., Amon, T. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Ammoniakemissionen aus frei gelüfteten Ställen und Wirtschaftsdüngerlagerstätten für Rinder
Autoren: Amon, B., Fröhlich, M. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Leistungsvergleich verschiedener Biogasanlagensysteme
Autoren: Hopfner-Sixt, K. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Strategien zur nachhaltigen Erzeugung, Bereitstellung und Nutzung agrarischer Biomasse für die Biogaserzeugung
Autoren: Amon, T. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Fruchtfolgesysteme für den konventionellen Energiepflanzenanbau in Österreich
Autoren: Hrbek,R. Freyer, B., Amon, T., Friedel, J.K. Jahr: 2007
Journal articles
Integrierte Systeme Sieben Fragen und Antworten zur Nutzung von Bioenergie
Autoren: Amon,T; Bauer,A; Leonhartsberger,Ch Jahr: 2008
Journal articles
Biogas as a renewable energy source within sustainable biofuels based biorefinery concepts
Autoren: Bauer, A., Leonhartsberger, Ch., Lyson, D., Hopfner-Sixt, K., Amon, B., Amon, T. Jahr: 2008
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Project staff
Barbara Amon
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Barbara Amon
barbara.amon@boku.ac.at
Sub Projectleader
01.10.2005 - 10.05.2007
Michael Eder
Ass.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.nat.techn. Michael Eder
michael.eder@boku.ac.at
Tel: +43 1 47654-73313
Project Staff
01.10.2005 - 10.05.2007
Jürgen Kurt Friedel
Ao.Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Jürgen Kurt Friedel
juergen.friedel@boku.ac.at
Tel: +43 1 47654-93317
Project Staff
01.10.2005 - 10.05.2007
Helmut Wagentristl
Ass.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.nat.techn. Helmut Wagentristl
helmut.wagentristl@boku.ac.at
Tel: +43 1 47654-95501, 95511
Project Staff
01.10.2005 - 10.05.2007
Werner Zollitsch
Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.nat.techn. Werner Zollitsch
werner.zollitsch@boku.ac.at
Tel: +43 1 47654-93211, 99101, 99111
Project Staff
01.10.2005 - 10.05.2007
BOKU partners
External partners
Chamber of Agriculture, Styria
Dr. Karl Mayer
partner
SEEG
ÖKR. Karl Totter
partner