Pectin signaling in responses to heavy metals and pathogens
Abstract
Cell walls of growing plant organs have the remarkable property to combine resistance to extreme tensional stresses as a result of the turgor pressure in the cell, with the ability to extend during cell expansion. This property must be maintained in widely varying abiotic and biotic environments imposed by the sessile lifestyle of plants. The pectic polysaccharide homogalacturonan (HG) is a major component of the primary cell wall representing up to 20% of the cell wall dry weight. HG is deposited in the wall in a highly methylesterified form. The exposure of free carboxyl groups upon selective de-methylesterification dramatically changes the rheological properties of the cell wall, in part through the formation of Ca2+-pectate crosslinks, but also leads to the production of signaling molecules. Recent results in the laboratories of the 3 partners in Austria and France converge into a common working hypothesis in which pectate levels in the cell wall are precisely monitored and adjusted during cell expansion, in the presence of heavy metals that interfere with Ca2+-pectate crosslink formation and at early infection stages of cell wall-degrading pathogens. Our evidence suggests that pectate monitoring involves at least three wall integrity signaling pathways: (1) a brassinosteroid receptor (BRI1)-mediated pathway, (2) a wall-associated kinase (WAK)-mediated pathway and (3) a pectate-binding THESEUS1 receptor kinase signaling pathway. The adjustment of pectate levels involves large families of pectin methyl esterases (PME), PME-inhibitors (PMEI), pectin acetyl esterases (PAE), and pectate hydrolyzing enzymes such as pectate lyases (PL), and polygalacturonases (PG). Expression patterns and, most likely, enzymatic properties differ for different family members, which have evolved to cope with distinct developmental and environmental constraints. The project PECTOSIGN aims at understanding changes in pectin metabolism in growing cells upon exposure to heavy metals and during early stages of pathogen infection, and how these perturbations are detected. Therefore (1) tools will be established for the analyses and manipulation of HG metabolism and (2) the role and identity of pectin and its metabolites in binding and signaling heavy metal responses and (3) pathogen attack will be determined. (4) Finally the specificity and interaction of the signaling pathways, their feedback regulation and downstream components will be revealed. PECTOSIGN will not only provide fundamental insights into the emerging research area of cell wall integrity signaling and its role in growth control in varying environments, but may also lead to new strategies for phytoremediation and the protection of crops against abiotic stresses and pathogens.
keywords cell wall cell wall associated kinases Arabidopsis metal binding pectin metabolism
Publikationen
Elucidating structural and compositional changes in plant tissues and single cells by Raman spectroscopic imaging.
Autoren: Prats Mateu, B; Stefke, B; Hauser, M-T; Gierlinger, N Jahr: 2014
Journal articles
Novel cell wall associated genes involved in heavy metal stress responses from Salix caprea.
Autoren: Hauser M-T, Shi S, Puschenreiter M, Hermann G, Köllensperger G, Konlechner C Jahr: 2014
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
The role of receptor like kinases in heavy metal signalling.
Autoren: Richter J, Shi S, Pitzschke A, Hauser M-T Jahr: 2016
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Waterproofing in Arabidopsis: Following phenolics and lipids in situ by Confocal Raman Microscopy.
Autoren: Prats Mateu B, Hauser M-T, Heredia A, Gierlinger N Jahr: 2016
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Effects of heavy metals and trace elements on cell wall signaling, remodeling and growth.
Autoren: Richter J, Strobl S, Ploderer M, Konstantinova N, Mongelard G, Gutierrez L, Hocq L, Lefebvre V, Pelloux J, Pitzschke A, Hauser M-T Jahr: 2016
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Multiplex mutagenesis of four clustered CrRLK1L with CRISPR/Cas9 exposes their growth regulatory roles in response to metal ions
Autoren: Richter, J; Watson, JM; Stasnik, P; Borowska, M; Neuhold, J; Berger, M; Stolt-Bergner, P; Schoft, V; Hauser, MT Jahr: 2018
Journal articles
Root hair abundance impacts cadmium accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana shoots.
Autoren: Kohanová, J; Martinka, M; Vaculík, M; White, PJ; Hauser, MT; Lux, A; Jahr: 2018
Journal articles
Multiplex mutagenesis of four clustered CrRLK1L with CRISPR/Cas9 exposes their growth regulatory roles in response to metal ions.
Autoren: Richter J, Watson JM, Stasnik P, Schoft V, Hauser M-T Jahr: 2018
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
The cell wall as platform for heavy metal sensing.
Autoren: Richter J, Hauser M-T Jahr: 2018
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
The Cell Wall as Platform for Heavy Metal Sensing
Autoren: Hauser M-T Jahr: 2018
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
The role of catharanthus roseus receptor like kinases in growth adaptation triggered by metal ions.
Autoren: Richter J, Aline Gaëlle Mongelard, Laurent Gutierrez, Peter Stasnik, Vera Schoft, Hauser M-T Jahr: 2018
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Project staff
Marie-Theres Hauser
Ao.Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.nat.techn. Marie-Theres Hauser
marie-theres.hauser@boku.ac.at
Tel: +43 1 47654-94240
Project Leader
01.11.2014 - 31.10.2019
BOKU partners
External partners
INRA- Laboratory of Cellbiology
Herman Höfte
partner
University of Picardy Jules Verne
JÉRÔME PELLOUX
partner