Volatile organic compounds: Are biochemical substances the secret weapon of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in the fierce competition for nutrients, water and light with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)?
Abstract
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asteraceae) known as common ragweed is an annual herbaceous species native to North America which is not only a troublesome agronomic weed but actually one of the most dominant inducers of pollen allergy. Management options to effectively contain the spread of the plant are limited due to lack of efficacy (mowing, spraying), cost and time (roadside management) or lack of awareness (farmers). In consideration of all these aspects new approaches for managing common ragweed have to be developed. One new approach in weed control is to exploit the potential of weed-suppressing ability of crops themselves, which results from the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).To get a detailed understanding of how crops and weeds can influence each other, the chemical profile of both have to be taken into account, especially as allelopathy has proved to be inducible by various biotic (other plants, pests, pathogens) and abiotic factors (nutrient supply, radiation, water supply etc.). Therefore, the first aim of the study is evaluation of the competition effects of common ragweed upon growth (aboveground/belowground), development, internal nitrogen dynamics, and yield potential of soybean. The idea is to quantify the impact of individual stressors (drought, nutrient deficiendy and shading) on common ragweed and on soybean in pure stands as well as in mixed stands. Additionally, it should be investigated if there is a reinforcing effect of the stressor(s) and common ragweed on soybean. After the quantitative assessment of the standard competition factors the role of volatile organic compounds in the interaction process between soybean and common ragweed should be determined. The main goal is to determine how the chemical profile of non-stressed plants differ from the VOCs emitted from stressed plants and how these VOCs alter the growth patterns of the responding plant (soybean-soybean; ragweed-ragweed; ragweed-soybean; soybean-ragweed). As not only the living plant but also residues of common ragweed in soils could negatively affect seed emergence and plant growth in the third part of the present study the chemical compounds of common ragweed residues and ragweed-leachate as well as their impact on soybean germination and seedling development should be analyzed. The main goal is to define a certain threshold of ragweed residues and a certain minimum concentration of ragweed leachate, respectively below which soybean germination and growth are not affected. The study should give a full assessment of the morphological and biochemical behavior of common ragweed and soybean in single stands and combined under the most important biotic (interspecific completion) and abiotic stress (water, nutrients, radiation) conditions.
Publikationen
Know your enemy: are biochemical substances the secret weapon of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in the fierce competition with crops and native plant species?
Autoren: Hall, R M; Bein, H; Bein‐Lobmaier, B; Karrer, G; Kaul, H-P; Novak, J Jahr: 2019
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Project staff
Hans-Peter Kaul
Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.nat.techn. Hans-Peter Kaul
hans-peter.kaul@boku.ac.at
Tel: +43 1 47654-95111
Project Leader
01.11.2018 - 31.10.2021
Rea Hall
DDipl.Ing. Dr. Rea Hall
rea.hall@boku.ac.at
Tel: +43 1 47654-83135
Project Staff
01.11.2018 - 31.10.2021
Gerhard Karrer
Ao.Univ.Prof.i.R. Mag.rer.nat. Dr.rer.nat. Gerhard Karrer
gerhard.karrer@boku.ac.at
Tel: +43 1 47654-83119
Project Staff
01.11.2018 - 31.10.2021