Transforming essential provision systems through eco-social corridors

Adequate habitation is an essential human right required for wellbeing, while also constituting a major source of GHG emissions during construction, heating and cooling. Furthermore, the spatial patterns of buildings and settlements shape mobility requirements. Contemporary forms of habitation are highly climate relevant as housing and passenger mobility directly contribute 40% of Austria’s greenhouse gas emissions, with further indirect emissions from industry and energy supply. Rising costs of these necessities have had negative social effects, such as an increased risk of poverty (SDG 1) and of rising inequalities (SDG 10). These effects further contribute to already prevalent resistance against progressive climate policies, because rising costs of habitation have severely limited Austria’s opportunity space to achieve climate neutrality by 2040, leading to societal resistance against and delays in climate policies, often due to a prioritisation of short-term goals and the rising popularity of right-wing parties opposing climate measures. The interlinkages between these existential crises demonstrate the need for holistic perspectives that integrate socio-economic and environmental concerns. To address social concerns, various income compensation measures, such as the “climate bonus” and financial support schemes during the cost-of-living crisis, have been prioritised in Austrian policy interventions. While these measures play a vital role in a rich climate policy toolkit, they forego the opportunity for more profound transformations of provisioning systems to transform consumption and production towards sustainable pathways. Against this backdrop, HABITATION-CORRIDORS explores sufficiency-oriented eco-social policy and planning instruments related to housing (including related energy use) and induced mobility (summarised as “habitation”). It draws inspiration from the concept of “corridors,” which has gained recognition, notably in the latest IPCC report. Corridors provide a framework to implement sufficiency, defining minimum standards for a good life (such as guaranteed living space, energy access, and mobility) and maximum limits on the use of natural and social resources. The goal is to move beyond mere income stabilisation and break down the dualism between climate and social policies, where the latter merely “compensates” for the negative social impacts of the former. Corridors serve as cornerstones for an integrated eco-social approach to living well within planetary boundaries. Developing habitation corridors is critical, not only because (a lack of) essential goods/services directly affects well-being and societal acceptance of climate policies but also because contemporary habitation is emission and resource intensive, meriting a deeper discussion on maximum limits.