Biogas production from energy crops, maize, and clover grass
Abstract
Maize and clover grass are of vital importance for biogas production from energy crops. Econom-ic efficiency is influenced by the methane yield from maize and clover grass, by the methane yield per hectare, and by the optimum digester size. Substance and energy turnover during anaer-obic digestion of clover grass and maize were measured in eudiometer batch experiments at 40 °C. Early to late ripening maize varieties were grown in the dry region of Groß-Enzersdorf/Lower Austria and at Ludersdorf/Styria, which is a favourable region for maize production. Clover grass was grown in an Alpine region (Gumpenstein/Styria) as intensive forage mixture, and as clover grass mixture. Maize and clover grass were harvested at three different stages of vegetation to find the optimum harvesting time. Influence of silaging and drying on methane yield was investi-gated, as well. A new system – the methane energy value system – was developed. It enables the calculation of the methane production potential of anaerobic digestion of maize and clover grass. If the nutrient content of organic substrates is known, then their methane production potential can be estimated. Methane production is estimated from raw protein, raw fat, crude fibre and from nitrogen free extracts. The maize varieties showed a characteristic methane production potential that was strongly de-pendent on their nutrient content and on the nutrient composition. The latter was mainly deter-mined by the stage of vegetation. Location of maize production and variety also influenced the nutrient composition of maize silage. Varieties with a high protein and fat content and with a high potential for biomass production were especially suitable for anaerobic digestion. Crude fibre did not give much methane. Nitrogen free extracts slightly reduced methane formation during anaer-obic digestion of maize silage. Maize grown at Ludersdorf/Styria gave the following values on biomass yield, specific methane production and methane yield per hectare: 20.76 – 34.57 t oTS ha-1, 205.83 – 261.05 Nl CH4 (kg oTS)-1, 5,288 – 8,529 Nm3 CH4 ha-1. Optimum harvesting time in the vegetation stage “wax ripeness”. On good or very good locations, late ripening varie-ties should be grown as these make better use of their potential of biomass production. Up to 40 % less methane was produced, when maize was harvested too late. Silaging of maize resulted in an 15 % increase in methane. The clover grass mixtures did not significantly differ in their nutrient composition and in their specific methane production potential. Harvesting time was the key factor that determined me-thane production. Protein and fat content increased methane yield. Crude fibre and nitrogen free extracts contributed only little to net total methane yield. Clover grass mixtures grown in an Al-pine region yielded 5.5 to 6.4 t oTS per hectare with three crops. The following specific methane productions and methane yields per hectare were measured: intensive forage mixture: 369.67 Nl CH4 (kg oTS)-1, 2,033 – 2,366 Nm3 CH4 ha-1; clover grass mixture: 390.40 Nl CH4 (kg oTS) -1, 2,147 – 2,499 Nm3 CH4 ha-1. Harvesting at the vegetation stage „ear emergence“ resulted in the highest methane yield. Harvesting at a later stage reduced methane yield up to 25 %. Drying increased methane yield by 12 %, silaging by 26 %.
keywords agricultural biogas production climate protection mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions
Publikationen
Zwischenbericht "Optimierung der Biogaserzeugung aus den Energiepflanzen Mais und Kleegras"Forschungsprojekt Nr. 1249 GZ 24.002/59-IIA1/01
Autoren: Amon, Th.; Kryvoruchko, V.; Amon, B.; Moitzi, G.; Fistarol-Lyson, D; Hackl, E.; Jeremic, D.; Zollitsch, W.; Pötsch, E.; Mayer, K.; Plank, J. Jahr: 2002
Forschungsbericht (extern. Auftraggeber)
Das Grünland und den Acker für die Biogasproduktion nutzen
Autoren: Amon, Th., Forschungsinitiative Biogas Jahr: 2003
Newspaper / Magazine article
Nutzung der Grünlandbiomasse sowie anderer Feldkulturen für die Biogasproduktion
Autoren: Amon, Th., Amon, B., Kryvoruchko, V., Hopfner-Sixt K., Buga, S., Pötsch, E., Zollitsch, W., Plank, J., Mayer, K. Jahr: 2003
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Potentiale für kostendeckende Brennstoffpreise aus landwirtschaftlichen Biogasanlagen
Autoren: Amon, Th., Amon, B., Hopfner-Sixt, K., Hackl, E., Jeremic, D., Boxberger J. Jahr: 2001
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Neue Entwicklungen der landwirtschaftlichen Biogaserzeugung in Österreich
Autoren: Amon, Th., Hackl, E., Hopfner-Sixt. K., Amon, B., Jeremic, D., Boxberger J. Jahr: 2001
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Biogas production from animal wastes, energy plants and organic wastes
Autoren: Amon Th., Hackl, E., Jeremic, D., Amon, B., Boxberger, J. Jahr: 2001
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Österreich: Ökostromgesetz könnte Bauboom auslösen
Autoren: Amon, Th. Jahr: 2002
Chapter in collected volumes
Biogas production from energy crops - A new system (MEVS) to calculate the methane energy value from biomass
Autoren: Amon, Th., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, B. Jahr: 2002
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Entwicklung eines "Methanenergiewertsystem (MEWS)" zur Bewertung des Methanbildungsvermögens von Biomasse
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, B., Pötsch, E., Zollitsch, W. Jahr: 2003
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Development of the ¿Methane Energy Value System (MEVS)¿ to estimate methane productivity from biomass
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, B., Buga, S., Mayer, K., Zollitsch, W., Pötsch, E. Jahr: 2003
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Praxisrelevante Neuigkeiten aus der Forschung
Autoren: Amon, T. Jahr: 2003
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Ökostrom aus Biogas: Voraussetzungen für einen wirtschaftlichen Betrieb
Autoren: Hopfner-Sixt, K., Amon, T., Amon, B. Jahr: 2003
Newspaper / Magazine article
Optimierung der Biogaserzeugung aus den Energiepflanzen Mais und Kleegras. Endbericht Juli 2003.
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, B., Moitzi, G., Lyson D., Hackl, E., Jeremic, D., Zollitsch, W., Pötsch, E. Jahr: 2003
Forschungsbericht (extern. Auftraggeber)
Biogaserträge aus landwirtschaftlichen Gärgütern.
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, B., Buga, S., Amid, A., Zollitsch, W., Mayer, K., Pötsch, E. Jahr: 2004
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Biogaserträge von Energiepflanzen und Wirtschaftsdüngern – Laborversuchsergebnisse
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, B., Reinhold, G., Oechsner, H., Schwab, M., Weiland, P., Linke, B. Jahr: 2004
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Anaerobic digestion of maize, clover grass and animal manures: influence of nutrient composition on methane production.
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, B., Gruber, L. Jahr: 2004
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Biogaserzeugung aus Mais – Einfluss der Inhaltsstoffe auf das spezifische Methanbildungsvermögen von früh- bis spätreifen Maissorten.
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, B., Zollitsch, W., Mayer, K., Buga, S., Amid, A. Jahr: 2004
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Methane production from maize, grassland and animal manures through anaerobic digestion.
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, B. Jahr: 2004
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Biogas production from maize and clover grass estimated with the methane energy value system.
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, B., Zollitsch, W., Pötsch, E. Jahr: 2004
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Landwirtschaftliche Biogasanlagen, 4. überarbeitete Auflage
Autoren: Amon, T., Cadilek, M., Hopfner-Sixt, K., Schoberleitner, W., Swoboda, M. Jahr: 2004
Chapter in collected volumes
Qualität und Verwendung des Gärrestes.
Autoren: Amon, T., Döhler, H. Jahr: 2004
Chapter in collected volumes
Forum Biogas Austria: Network from natural resources to application.
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, B., Hopfner-Sixt, K. Jahr: 2004
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Biogaserzeugung aus Mais – Gibt es Sortenunterschiede?
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, B., Buga, S., Mayer, K., Zollitsch, W., Pötsch, E. Jahr: 2004
Newspaper / Magazine article
Biogaserzeugung aus Mais
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, B., Buga, S., Mayer, K., Zollitsch, W., Pötsch, E. Jahr: 2004
Newspaper / Magazine article
Biogas aus Kleegras-, Feldfutter- und Dauerwiesenmischungen.
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, B., Buga, S., Mayer, K., Zollitsch, W., Pötsch, E. Jahr: 2004
Newspaper / Magazine article
Influence of nutrient composition on methane production from animal manures and co-digestion with maize and glycerine.
Autoren: Kryvoruchko V., Amon T., Amon B., Boxberger J., Gruber L., Schreiner M., Zolitsch W. Jahr: 2004
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Biogaserzeugung aus Mais – Einfluss des Ernteverfahrens und des Erntezeitpunktes auf den Methanertrag
Autoren: Amid Anooshiravan Jahr: 2004
Master / Diploma Thesis
Methane production from cereals, grass and sun flowers: effect of harvesting time, and pre-treatment on the methane yield.
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Bodiroza, V., Amon, B. Jahr: 2005
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Estimation of biogas production from maize and clover grass by the new methane energy value system.
Autoren: T. Amon, V. Kryvoruchko, B. Amon, W. Zollitsch, E. Pötsch, K. Mayer Jahr: 2004
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Biogas Forum Austria-Network of research, extension service, and commercial farms.
Autoren: Amon, T., Amon B., Kryvoruchko V., Hopfner-Sixt K., Moser, A., Zollitsch, W. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Monitoring of energy crop digestion in Austria.
Autoren: Hopfner-Sixt, K., Amon, T., Milovanovic, D., Amon, B. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Biogaserzeugung ausagrarischen Rohstoffen
Autoren: Hopfner-Sixt, K; Amon, T; Bodiroza, V; Kryvoruchko, V; Milovanovic, D; Zollitsch, W; Boxberger, J Jahr: 2006
Journal articles
Biogas production from agricultural resources: characteristic values for material and energetic evaluation
Autoren: Hopfner-Sixt, K; Amon, T; Bodiroza, V; Kryvoruchko, V; Milovanovic, D; Zollitsch, W; Boxberger, J Jahr: 2006
Journal articles
Energiepflanzen: Erntezeitpunkt bestimmt Gasausbeute
Autoren: Amon T., Hopfner-Sixt K., Kryvoruchko V., Amon B., Bodiroza V., Ramusch M., Hrbek R, Friedel J., Zollitsch W., Mayr K. Jahr: 2006
Chapter in collected volumes
Das Methanbildungsvermögen und die Biogasqualität bei der Vergärung von Energiepflanzen
Autoren: Amon, T., Kryvoruchko, V., Bodiroza, V., Amon, B. Jahr: 2006
Newspaper / Magazine article
Biogas production from maize and dairy cattle manure – influence of nutrient composition on methane yield
Autoren: Amon, T., Amon, B., Kryvoruchko, V., Zollitsch, W., Mayer, K., Gruber, L. Jahr: 2007
Journal articles
European Biogas Initiative to improve the yield of agricultural biogas plants (EU-Agro Biogas).
Autoren: Amon, T., Amon, B., Machmüller, A., Hopfner-Sixt K., Kryvoruchko V., Bodiroza, V. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
NH3 and GHG emissions from a straw flow system for fattening pigs: housing, and manure storage.
Autoren: Amon, B., Kryvoruchko, V., Fröhlich, M., Amon, T., Pöllinger, A., Mösenbacher, I., Hausleitner, A. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Strategien zur nachhaltigen Erzeugung, Bereitstellung und Nutzung agrarischer Biomasse für die Biogaserzeugung
Autoren: Amon, T. Jahr: 2006
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Integrierte Systeme Sieben Fragen und Antworten zur Nutzung von Bioenergie
Autoren: Amon,T; Bauer,A; Leonhartsberger,Ch Jahr: 2008
Journal articles
Project staff
Barbara Amon
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Barbara Amon
barbara.amon@boku.ac.at
Project Staff
01.01.2002 - 30.06.2003
Helmut Wagentristl
Ass.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.nat.techn. Helmut Wagentristl
helmut.wagentristl@boku.ac.at
Tel: +43 1 47654-95501, 95511
Project Staff
01.01.2002 - 30.06.2003
Werner Zollitsch
Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Werner Zollitsch
werner.zollitsch@boku.ac.at
Tel: +43 1 47654-93211, 99101, 99111
Project Staff
01.01.2002 - 30.06.2003
BOKU partners
External partners
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