Methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions from management of liquid manures
Abstract
Animal husbandry results in considerable emissions of ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4) and ni-trous oxide (N2O). The research project aimed at quantifying CH4, NH3, and N2O emissions from liquid manure stores and after manure application under field conditions. Emissions were measured from dairy cattle and pig slurry under winter and under summer condi-tions. The manure treatment options "no treatment", "slurry separation", "anaerobic digestion", "slurry aeration", "straw cover", "slurry additive PenacG", and "slurry additive Amalgerol" were included in the experiments. With slurry separation, emissions were followed from the liquid fraction and from composting of the solids that had been mechanically separated from manure. About 10 m3 of differently treated slurry were stored in slurry tanks. Emissions were followed for 50 to 200 days, depending on the treatment. Gaseous emissions were quantified with a high resolution FTIR spectrometer. During sampling, the slurry tanks were covered with a large open dynamic chamber that collected the emissions. After the storage period, slurries were applied to permanent grassland. NH3 emissions were followed with a large open dynamic chamber. N2O and CH4 emissions were quantified with closed chambers. Greenhouse gas emissions from slurry are mainly caused by methane emissions during storage and by nitrous oxide emissions after field application of manures. GHG emissions from manure management can thus be effectively abated, if methane emissions during storage and nitrous ox-ide emissions after field application are reduced. Both can be achieved by a reduction in slurry dry matter and easily degradable organic matter content. Ammonia emissions mainly occur after field application of slurry. Ammonia abatement measures are most effective if taken after field application. Timing of application, reduction in slurry dry matter content, and low trajectory application techniques are effective ways to reduce ammonia emissions from manure management. Mechanical separation of solids from dairy cattle and pig slurry effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Ammonia emissions are likely to be higher than from untreated slurry. This is due to an increase in ammonia emissions during composting of the solid fraction. Slurry separation has positive environmental effects, if a good composting process of the solids is guaranteed. This requires extra straw addition to the solids heap to enable sufficient oxygen supply in the heap. Anaerobic digestion is a very effective means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from manure management. Emissions are especially small, if the secondary fermentation tank and the slurry store are included into the gas bearing system of the biogas plant. The digested slurry must be field applied with low trajectory techniques to avoid an increase in ammonia emissions. The in-stallation of agricultural biogas plants should be encouraged. Covering the slurry store with a layer of chopped straw increases greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions compared to untreated slurry, covered with a wooden lid. It is thus not recommended to promote the implementation of straw covers on commercial farms. Slurry aeration heavily in-creases ammonia emissions from dairy cattle and pig slurry. Greenhouse gas emissions from dairy cattle slurry are reduced by aeration whereas greenhouse gas emissions from pig slurry increase. The implementation of aeration is not recommended.
keywords greenhouse gas emissions ammonia liquid manure treatment slurry application
Publikationen
N2O aus Land- und Forstwirtschaft.
Autoren: Amon, B., Amon, T., Boxberger, J. Jahr: 1999
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Anforderungen und Lösungsansätze zur Bestimmung von Emissionsraten ökosystem- und klimarelevanter Gase aus der Landbewirtschaftung.
Autoren: Gronauer, A., Stanzel, H., Neser, S., Depta, G., Schäfer, K., Haus, R., Heinz, S., Krahl, J., Luther, W., Munack, A., Hopf, H., Boxberger, J., Amon, T., Kießling, B., Salow, C., Sciborski, J. Jahr: 1995
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Methods for measuring emissions from agrarian sources: FTIR measurement techniques with white-cell, large chamber or open-path.
Autoren: Amon, B., Boxberger, J., Amon, T., Gronauer, A., Depta, G., Neser, S., Schäfer, K. Jahr: 1997
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Entwicklung einer Meßeinrichtung zur Erfassung umweltrelevanter Gasemissionen.
Autoren: Amon, B; Amon, T; Boxberger, J; Pöllinger, A; Zaussinger, A Jahr: 1996
Journal articles
Methane, Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia Emissions from Management of Liquid Manures, Final Report 2002.
Autoren: Amon, B., Moitzi, G., Schimpl, M., Kryvoruchko, V., Wagner-Alt, C. Jahr: 2002
Forschungsbericht (extern. Auftraggeber)
Emissionen von NH3, N2O und CH4 nach der Ausbringung von Rinderflüssigmist und Einfluss der Flüssigmistbehandlung
Autoren: Amon, B., Moitzi, G., Amon, Th., Hackl, E., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S. Jahr: 2002
Chapter in collected volumes
Methan-, Lachgas- und Ammoniakemissionen während der Lagerung und nach der Ausbringung von Rinderflüssigmist
Autoren: Amon, B., Wagner-Alt, C., Moitzi, G., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, T., Hackl, E., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S. Jahr: 2003
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Damit die Gülle nicht in die Luft geht
Autoren: Amon, Th., Amon, B., Moitzi, G., Kryvoruchko, V. Jahr: 2003
Newspaper / Magazine article
CH4-, NH3- und N2O-Emissionen aus der Lagerung von Milchviehflüssigmist und Reduzierungsmöglichkeiten
Autoren: Wagner-Alt, C. Jahr: 2002
Doctoral Thesis
Die Wirkung von Flüssigmistzusätzen auf die Emission der klima- und umweltrelevanten Gase Methan, Ammoniak, Lachgas und Kohlendioxid während der Lagerung von Rinderflüssigmist
Autoren: Schimpl, M. Jahr: 2001
Master / Diploma Thesis
Methan-, Lachgas- und Ammoniakemissionen während der Lagerung und nach der Ausbringung von Rinder- und Schweineflüssigmist.
Autoren: Amon, B., Wagner-Alt C., Moitzi, G., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, T., Hackl, E., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S. Jahr: 2003
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Emissionen von NH3, N2O und CH4 nach der Ausbringung von Rinderflüssigmist und Einfluß der Flüssigmistbehandlung
Autoren: Amon, B., Moitzi, G., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, T., Hackl, E., Zechmeister-Bolstenstern, S. Jahr: 2002
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Effects of biomethanisation on emissions of NH3, N2O and CH4 during storage and after application of slurry
Autoren: Moitzi, G., Amon, B., Amon, T., Kryvorucko, V., Wagner-Alt, C., Hackl, E., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S. Jahr: 2003
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions during storage and after application of dairy cattle slurry and influence of slurry treatment.
Autoren: Amon, B., Kryvoruchko, V., Amon, T., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S. Jahr: 2004
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Greenhouse gas and ammonia emission abatement by slurry treatment.
Autoren: Amon, B., Kryvoruchko, V., Moitzi, G., Amon, T. Jahr: 2004
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions during storage and after application of dairy cattle and pig slurry and influence of slurry treatment.
Autoren: Amon, B., Kryvoruchko, V., Moitzi, G., Amon, T., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S. Jahr: 2004
Conference & Workshop proceedings, paper, abstract
Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from a straw flow system for fattening pigs: Housing and manure storage
Autoren: Amon, B; Kryvoruchko, V; Frohlich, M; Amon, T; Pollinger, A; Mosenbacher, I; Hausleitner, A Jahr: 2007
Journal articles
Project staff
Barbara Amon
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Barbara Amon
barbara.amon@boku.ac.at
Project Leader
01.01.1999 - 30.11.2002
Josef Boxberger
O.Univ.Prof.i.R. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.nat.techn. Josef Boxberger
josef.boxberger@boku.ac.at
Project Staff
01.01.1999 - 30.11.2002
Gerhard Moitzi
Dipl.-Ing. Dr.nat.techn. Gerhard Moitzi
gerhard.moitzi@boku.ac.at
Project Staff
01.01.1999 - 30.11.2002
Helmut Wagentristl
Ass.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.nat.techn. Helmut Wagentristl
helmut.wagentristl@boku.ac.at
Tel: +43 1 47654-95501, 95511
Project Staff
01.01.1999 - 30.11.2002
BOKU partners
External partners
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none
partner